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| Art Directors formulate
design concepts and presentation approaches, and direct workers engaged in
art work, layout |
| design, and copy
writing for visual communications media, such as magazines, books,
newspapers, and packaging. |
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| Choreographers create
original dances and develop new interpretations of existing dances.
Because few dance |
| routines are written
down, choreographers instruct performers at rehearsals to achieve the
desired effect. In |
| addition,
choreographers often are involved in auditioning performers. |
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| Dancers perform in a
variety of settings, such as musical productions, and may present folk,
ethnic, tap, jazz, and |
| other popular kinds of
dance. They also perform in opera, musical theater, television, movies,
music videos, and |
| commercials, in which
they also may sing and act. Dancers most often perform as part of a group,
although a few top |
| artists perform
solo. |
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| Makeup Artists,
Theatrical and Performance apply makeup to performers to
reflect |
| period, setting, and
situation of their role. |
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| Models pose for photos
or as subjects for paintings or sculptures. They display clothing, such as
dresses, coats, |
| underclothing,
swimwear, and suits, for a variety of audiences and in various types of
media. They model |
| accessories, such as
handbags, shoes, and jewelry, and promote beauty products, including
fragrances and cosmetics. |
| The most successful
models, called supermodels, hold celebrity status and often use their
image to sell products |
| such as books,
calendars, and fitness videos. In addition to modeling, they may appear in
movies and television |
| shows. ModelsÆ clients
use printed publications, live modeling, and television to advertise and
promote products |
| and services. There are
different categories of modeling jobs within these media, and the nature
of a modelÆs work |
| may vary with
each. |
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| Multi-Media Artists and
Animators create special effects, animation, or other visual images using
film, video, |
| computers, or other
electronic tools and media for use in products or creations, such as
computer games, movies, |
| music videos, and
commercials. |
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| Music directors
conduct, direct, plan, and lead instrumental or vocal performances by
musical groups, such as |
| orchestras, choirs, and
glee clubs. Conductors lead instrumental music groups, such as symphony
orchestras, dance |
| bands, show bands, and
various popular ensembles. These leaders audition and select musicians,
choose the music |
| most appropriate for
their talents and abilities, and direct rehearsals and performances.
Choral directors lead |
| choirs and glee clubs,
sometimes working with a band or an orchestra conductor. Directors
audition and select |
| singers and lead them
at rehearsals and performances in order to achieve harmony, rhythm, tempo,
shading, and other |
| desired musical
effects. |
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| Musicians often gain
their reputation or professional standing in a particular kind of music or
performance. |
| Instrumental musicians,
for example, may play in a symphony orchestra, rock group, or jazz combo
one night, appear |
| in another ensemble the
next, and work in a studio band the following day. Some play a variety of
string, brass, |
| woodwind, or percussion
instruments or electronic synthesizers. Singers interpret music, using
their knowledge of |
| voice production,
melody, and harmony. They sing character parts or perform in their own
individual style. |
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| Photographers produce
and preserve images that paint a picture, tell a story or record an event.
To create |
| commercial quality
photographs, photographers need both technical expertise and creativity.
Producing a successful |
| picture requires
choosing and presenting a subject to achieve a particular effect, and
selecting the appropriate |
| equipment.
Photographers use either a traditional camera that records images on
silver halide film that is |
| developed into prints
or a digital camera that electronically records images. Using computers
and specialized |
| software, photographers
also can manipulate and enhance the scanned or digital image to create a
desired effect. |
| Images can be stored on
portable memory devices including compact disks (CDs) or on new types of
smaller storage |
| devicess. |
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| Commercial and
industrial designers develop countless manufactured products, including
airplanes; cars; childrenÆs |
| toys; computer
equipment; furniture; home appliances; and medical, office, and
recreational equipment. Commercial |
| and industrial
designers combine artistic talent with research on the use of a product,
on customer needs, and on |
| marketing, materials,
and production methods to create the most functional and appealing design
that will be |
| competitive with others
in the marketplace. Industrial designers typically concentrate in a
subspecialty such as |
| kitchen appliances,
auto interiors, or plastic-molding machinery. |
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| Fashion designers
design clothing and accessories. Some high-fashion designers are
self-employed and design for |
| individual clients.
Other high-fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-fashion
department stores. These |
| designers create
original garments, as well as clothing that follows established fashion
trends. Most fashion |
| designers, however,
work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of menÆs, womenÆs, and
childrenÆs fashions for |
| the mass
market. |
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| Floral designers cut
and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers and foliage into designs,
according to the |
| customerÆs order. They
design arrangements by trimming flowers and arranging bouquets, sprays,
wreaths, dish |
| gardens, and
terrariums. They may either meet with customers to discuss the arrangement
or work from a written |
| order. Floral designers
make note of the occasion, the customerÆs preference with regard to the
color and type of |
| flower involved, the
price of the completed order, the time at which the floral arrangement or
plant is to be |
| ready, and the place to
which it is to be delivered. |
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| Graphic designers plan,
analyze, and create visual solutions to communications problems. Graphic
designers use a |
| variety of print,
electronic, and film media and technologies to execute a design that meet
clientsÆ communication |
| needs. Graphic
designers consider cognitive, cultural, physical, and social factors in
planning and executing |
| designs appropriate for
a given context. Graphic designers use computer software to develop the
overall layout and |
| production design of
magazines, newspapers, journals, corporate reports, and other
publications. They also produce |
| promotional displays
and marketing brochures for products and services, design distinctive
logos for products and |
| businesses, and develop
signs and signage systems called environmental graphics for business and
government. An |
| increasing number of
graphic designers are developing material for Internet Web pages, computer
interfaces, and |
| multimedia projects.
Graphic designers also produce the credits that appear before and after
television programs |
| and
movies. |
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| Interior designers
enhance the function, safety, and quality of interior spaces of private
homes, public buildings, |
| and business or
institutional facilities, such as offices, restaurants, retail
establishments, hospitals, hotels, |
| and theaters. They also
plan the interiors of existing structures that are undergoing renovation
or expansion. Most |
| interior designers
specialize. For example, some may concentrate on residential design, while
others focus on |
| business design. Still
others may specialize further by focusing on particular rooms, such as
kitchens or baths. |
| With a clientÆs tastes,
needs, and budget in mind, interior designers prepare drawings and
specifications for |
| non-load-bearing
interior construction, furnishings, lighting, and finishes. Increasingly,
designers are using |
| computers to plan
layouts, because computers make it easy to change plans to include ideas
received from the |
| client. Interior
designers also design lighting and architectural detailsùsuch as crown
molding, built-in |
| bookshelves, or
cabinetsùcoordinate colors, and select furniture, floor coverings, and
window treatments. Interior |
| designers must design
space to conform to Federal, State, and local laws, including building
codes. Designs for |
| public areas also must
meet accessibility standards for the disabled and the
elderly. |
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| Merchandise displayers
and window dressers, or visual merchandisers, plan and erect commercial
displays, such as |
| those in windows and
interiors of retail stores or at trade exhibitions. Those who work on
building exteriors erect |
| major store
decorations, including building and window displays and lights. Those who
design store interiors outfit |
| store departments,
arrange table displays, and dress mannequins. In large retail chains,
store layouts typically |
| are designed
corporately, through a central design department. To retain the chainÆs
visual identity and ensure |
| that a particular image
or theme is promoted in each store, designs are distributed to individual
stores by e-mail, |
| downloaded to computers
equipped with the appropriate design software, and adapted to meet the
size and dimension |
| requirements of each
individual store. |
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| Set and exhibit
designers create sets for movie, television, and theater productions and
design special exhibition |
| displays. Set designers
study scripts, confer with directors and other designers, and conduct
research to determine |
| the historical period,
fashion, and architectural styles appropriate for the production on which
they work. They |
| then produce sketches
or scale models to guide in the construction of the actual sets or exhibit
spaces. Exhibit |
| designers work with
curators, art and museum directors, and trade-show sponsors to determine
the most effective use |
| of available
space. |
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| Actors play parts in
stage, television, radio, video, or motion picture productions for
entertainment, information, |
| or instruction.
Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to
entertain or inform |
| audience. May dance and
sin g. |
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| Producers and
Directors produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or
motion picture productions for |
| entertainment,
information, or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions,
such as interpretation of script, |
| choice of guests,
set design, sound, special effects, and choreography. |
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